I just finished
The Souls of an Octopus: A Surprising Exploration Into the Wonder of Consciousness by Sy Montgomery. She is a naturalist with degrees in journalism, psychology, french, and literature. She has been awarded three honorable doctorate degrees over the years and has written 36 books.
Following up on the philosophy chat from earlier what is interesting about this book is that I found it as a syllabus for a master's degree in philosophy. The reason I thought of looking there is that within a bachelor's degree, you get the framework for understanding the field of study, but within a master's degree you often find books that complement and expand on that theory with interesting and narrow subjects. So even if I do not have the educational framework in place from the get-go, I did find a lot of joy from reading this book, and especially fitting since I recently read a book about animal rights that was written by philosopher, Martha C. Nussbaum.
So, without more blabbering, what is the book about? Well, it is about several giant Pacific octopuses and Sy's meeting with them over several years, mostly in the New England Aquarium but also with trips to French Polynesia and the Gulf of Mexico. While she learns more and more about the octopuses we also get introduced to four completely different octopus personalities - gentle Athena, assertive Octavia, curious Kali, and joyful Karma. She writes splendidly and it is easy to get immersed in what is for most people an unknown world.
There have been a lot of studies about the lives of octopuses and while a lot of info, especially about those who live in the deep, is unknown, what they have learned from engaging with them in deep tanks gives a general consensus that these incredible creatures are indeed sentient. The way Sy Montgomery talks about them also compliments this and one I am 100% sure of myself.
They don't exactly use their brains the same as ours, since octopuses have brains in small clusters with one on each limb and a central brain on its mantle. Remarkably it seems that each brain can communicate both with each other and alone. Each limb has up to 250 suction cups and each can lift at least 15KG, so that is some serious power! Each suction cup can also work as a pitcher, which means they can unscrew stuff with ease and do more micro-adjustments, just like we can with our fingers. One of the more fascinating pieces of info Montgomery shared is that an octopus limb can not only regrow to some extent, but a missing limb also seems to do tasks on its own like moving a fish between its suckers and bringing it towards to head (that is now missing) An octopus can also detach its limbs if it feels that one of the limbs is not working correctly, like it is sick or perhaps just being in the way.
She talks a lot about how they have different personalities and I think she does this without trying too much to anthropomorphize them. I can understand this can be hard when you live so close to the subjects you are studying. Just think about how we often treat our dogs and cats not only as companions but also as part of our own family.
The way she talks about how they behave differently to each person they meet and how they may change colors from white (calm, content) to red (curious, joyful, angry) or a peripheral of other colors depending on the need to hide. In the deep tanks, they will come up when someone makes contact in the water, and with its suckers it will latch on and stay like this for a longer period, using the suction cups as a way to taste and communicate with the human. If the octopus does not like them, a quick jet of water in the face will take care of that.
There is so much more I could have talked about, like how they play, live alone before the last months of their life (they only live 3-5 years) when they mate, got blue blood, use wits to not only steal fish but even try to escape from the deep tanks using their enormous strength. How they can stand on two legs and run on the ocean floor, have venom, a "skeleton" made out of high-pressure water, taste chemicals in the water, have three hearts, and get through the smallest of holes as only the beaks have a hard structure, bring with them cover for protection if they need to hide and nothing is around, be playful and tease, how they can bring divers with them on underwater trips, see much better than we can, and have eyelids that look like open eyes. Colorblind but have beautiful camouflage colors.
Overall, this book was a joy to read and I think Montgomery did a great job of introducing us to this intelligent and awesome being. A few videos, one with Octavia the octopus she talks about in the book:
New England Aquarium clip
New England Aquarium clip 2
Playing with octopus
Octavia
Octopus Camoflague
She also has a new book that I am very much looking forward to be reading called:
Secrets of Octopus (2024)