Well, that's not good. Based on what you are describing, there must be a short in the laptop, possibly caused by an electrical surge due to the first brick failing. A better answer, though, is that an electrical surge killed both your brick and something inside your laptop. Is the laptop connected to any sort of surge protector? The most likely problem now is the input MOSFETs, but the only way to know is to open the laptop and check it with a multimeter. At this stage, I would either return the laptop if it is still under warranty or if you bought the insurance (which is always good to do with gaming laptops). Or I would take it to a computer repair shop if you have one in town. I'm afraid there isn't a solution that gets you back up and running immediately other than buying something like a Steam Deck or another laptop. Or you could diagnose it and replace it yourself, but it sounds like you are new to this sort of thing. Of course, you won't learn without doing the work, but this laptop is in constant high risk of complete catastrophe because of the short.
For future reference, your laptop's performance problem is because it isn't getting any power from the power pack. Power is still going to the battery, but not to the motherboard. Laptops are set up to significantly reduce power when running only on the battery. I could tell you how to fix that, but then your battery would probably just die 15-30 minutes later.
Edit: I searched for your laptop and the input MOSFETs, and the AI answered "Eluktronics Max 17 laptops often experience no-power, "dead" motherboard symptoms due to a common failure of the input power MOSFETs. These, usually N-channel, MOSFETs short out, preventing the 19V DC input from reaching the motherboard, often caused by thermal stress or electrical surges. Diagnostic: A short is detected on the drain of the MOSFETs using a multimeter in continuity mode (0 ohms)."